% $BI=Bj(B: ECCM $B%b%G%k:F9M(B
%
% $BMzNr(B: 2004/02/24 $B?y;39L0lO/(B

\documentclass[a4j,12pt]{jarticle}
\usepackage{ascmac}
\usepackage{Dennou6}

\Dtitle{ECCM $B$H(B oboro $B$NHf3S(B}
\Dauthor{$B?y;39L0lO/(B}
\Ddate{2004/02/24}

\begin{document}

\section{$B$O$8$a$K(B}

$B$3$NJ8>O$G$O(B, Weidenschilling and Lewis (1973), Atreya and Romani (1985) 
$B$G3+H/$5$l$?(B ECCM (Equilibrium Cloud Condensed Model) $B$H(B, $B2f!9$NMQ$$$F$$(B
$B$k(B RAND $BK!$H$rHf3S8!F$$7(B, $B$=$l$>$l$NMxE@$H7gE@$rI>2A$9$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$BCO5e$G$N7P83$+$iL@$i$+$J$h$&$K(B, $B5$1UJ?9U$r9MN8$9$k$@$1$J$i(B ECCM $B$N$d$jJ}(B
$B$O4J7i$G;H$$$d$9$$(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $BMO1U$N$h$&$J!V:.$8$j9g$C$?$b$N!W$d2=3XH?1~$b(B
$B4^$a$F07$&$K$O(B RAND $BK!$NJ}$,8~$$$F$$$k$@$m$&(B. $B0J2<$NJ8>O$G$O$=$NE@$K$D$$(B
$B$F8!>Z$7$F$$$-$?$$(B.

\section{ECCM}

$B%(%M%k%.!<J]B8B'(B $dS = 0 (dQ = 0)$ $B$rM[$K2r$/(B. $BAjJQ2=$H2=3XH?1~$r9MN8$7(B
$B$?>l9g(B, $B%(%M%k%.!<J]B8B'$O0J2<$N$h$&$K=q$1$k(B. 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 \bar{c}_{p} dT  - v dp + \sum L_{k} dX_{k} + \sum L_{r} dX_{r} = 0. 
  \Deqlab{dS=0}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$3$3$G(B $\bar{c}_{p}$ $B$ODj05%b%kHfG.$NJ?6QCM(B, $T$ $B$O29EY(B, $v$ $B$O%b%kBN@Q(B,
$p$ $B$O05NO(B, $L_{k}$ $B$O%b%kEv$?$j$N@xG.(B, $dX_{k}$ $B$O6E7k$KH<$&%b%k?tJQ2=(B,
$L_{r}$ $B$O%b%kEv$?$j$N2=3XH?1~$NH?1~G.(B, $dX_{r}$ $B$O2=3XH?1~$KH<$&%b%k?t(B
$BJQ2=$G$"$k(B. $B5$2t$K4^$^$l$kA4%b%k?t$r(B 1 mol $B$H$_$J$;$P(B, $dX_{k}, dX_{r}$ 
$B$r%b%kJ,N($NJQ2=$HFI$_49$($k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B%(%M%k%.!<J]B8B'(B \Deqref{dS=0} $B<0$NJQ?t$O(B, $dT, v, dp, dX_{k}, dX_{r}$ 
$B$G$"$k(B. $BM}A[5$BN(B, $B@E?e05J?9U(B, $B2=3XJ?9U$r2>Dj$7$?;~$K@.N)$9$k4X78<0$rMQ$$(B
$B$F(B, $B$3$l$i$NJQ?t$r29EYJQ2=(B $dT$ $B$H9bEYJQ2=(B $dZ$ $B$N9`$GI=8=$9$k$3$H$rL\;X(B
$B$9(B.
%
\bigskip

\Deqref{dS=0} $B<0$r8+$F$o$+$kDL$j(B, $B%(%M%k%.!<J]B8$N<0$rN)$F$k$K$O(B, $BBg5$(B
$BCf$G$I$N$h$&$J6E=L(B, $B2=3XH?1~$,@8$8$F$$$k$+M=$aGD0.$7$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k(B.

\subsection{$B;E;v(B $-v dp$}

$B;E;v(B $dW$ $B$KBP1~$9$k9`(B, $- v dp$ $B$NJQ7A$r9T$&(B. $B@E?e05J?9U$N<0$HM}A[5$BN(B
$B$N>uBVJ}Dx<0$rMQ$$$k$H(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 dp = \rho g dz = \Dinv{v} g dz
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$G$"$k(B. $B$=$l$rMQ$$$F;E;v9`$rJQ7A$9$k$H(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 - v dp = g dz
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$H$J$k(B. 



\subsection{$BAjJQ2=$KH<$&@xG.(B}

$BAjJQ2=$KH<$&@xG.9`$NJQ7A$r9T$&(B. $B$3$l$O%b%kJ,N(JQ2=$rJ,05$N7A$KJQ7A$7$?>e(B
$B$G(B, $B%/%i%&%8%&%9(B--$B%/%i%Z%$%m%s$N<0$rMQ$$$FJ,05$r29EY$N4X?t$H$7$F=q$-49$((B
$B$k(B. $B%b%kJ,N($O(B $X_{k} = p_{k}/p$ $B$H=q$1$k$N$G(B, $B$=$l$rHyJ,$9$k$H(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 dX_{k} = \frac{dp_{k}}{p} - \left(\frac{p_{k} dp}{p^{2}}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$H$J$k(B. $B>e<0Cf$N(B $dp$ $B$r@E?e05J?9U$G(B, $dp_{k}$ $B$r%/%i%&%8%&%9(B--$B%/%i%Z%$(B
$B%m%s$N<0$G(B $dT$ $B$N<0$KJQ7A$9$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B%/%i%&%8%&%9(B--$B%/%i%Z%$%m%s$N<0$O(B
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 dp_{k} = \frac{p_{k} L_{k} dT}{R T^{2}}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$N$h$&$K=q$1$k(B. $B%/%i%&%8%&%9(B--$B%/%i%Z%$%m%s$N<0$O(B, $B5$1UJ?9U$,@.N)$9$k$H$-(B
$B$K@.$jN)$D4X78<0$G(B, $B5$Aj$H1UAj$N2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$NCM$,Ey$7$$$H$$$&>r7o$+(B
$B$i5a$^$k(B. 


\subsection{$B2=3XH?1~$KH<$&H?1~G.(B}

$B2=3XH?1~$KH<$&H?1~G.9`$NJQ7A$r9T$&(B. $B$3$l$r9T$&$?$a$K$O(B, $B6qBNE*$J2=3XH?1~(B
$B<0$H$=$NH?1~$NJ?9UDj?t$rM=$aGD0.$7$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k(B. $BJ?9UDj?t$O0lHL$KH?1~(B
$B$K4X78$9$k2=3X<o$NJ,05$H29EY$N4X?t$G=q$+$l$k$N$G(B, $B$=$l$rHyJ,$9$k$3$H$G%b(B
$B%kJ,N($NJQ2=$r29EY$H9bEY(B($B05NO(B)$B$N4X?t$G=q$/;v$,$G$-$k(B.
%
\bigskip

$BNc$($P(B Areya and Romani (1985) $B$K$h$k$H(B, $BN22=?eAG$H%"%s%b%K%"$+$iN22=%"(B
$B%s%b%K%&%`$N@8@.$5$l$kH?1~$G$O(B,
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 \log_{10}\left(p_{\rm NH_3} \cdot p_{\rm H_2S}\right) 
  = \log_{10}(K_{p})
  = 6.467 - \frac{10834}{T}
  \Deqlab{NH4SH}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$N4X78<0$,@.N)$9$k(B. $BC"$7C10L7O$O(B cgs $BC10L7O$G$"$k(B. \Deqref{NH4SH} $B<0$rHy(B
$BJ,$9$k$3$H$G(B, $B%b%kJ,N(JQ2=$r29EYJQ2=$H05NOJQ2=$GI=8=$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B0[$J$k2=3XH?1~$r9M$($k$?$S$K(B, $BH?1~<0$r07$&$?$a$N%k!<%A%s$rDI2C$9$kI,MW$,(B
$B$"$k(B. $BBg5$Cf$G@8$8$k2=3XH?1~$rM=$a>80.$9$kI,MW$,$"$k$H8@$($k(B. 


\subsection{$B?eMO1U$G$N@xG.2rJ|(B}

$B?eMO1U$N@8@.$5$l$k:]$N@xG.2rJ|$K$D$$$F9M$($k(B. $BLdBj$H$J$k$N$O(B, $B?eMO1U$H5$(B
$BAj$,J?9U$K$"$k$H$-$NK0OB>x5$05$NI=8=$G$"$k(B. $B=cJ*<A$NK0OB>x5$05$N$h$&$K(B, 
$B29EY$@$1$N4X?t$G=q$1$k$J$iLdBj$J$$$,(B, $B?eMO1U$N>l9g$OI,$:$7$b$=$&$O$J$i$J(B
$B$$(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B%"%s%b%K%"?eMO1U$N>l9g(B, $B29EY$H?eMO1UG;EY$K$h$C$F?eMO1U$KMO$19~$`5$Aj$NK0(B
$BOB>x5$05$,JQ2=$9$k(B. Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$G$O(B, $B@xG.$O29EY$KBP$7$F@~(B
$B7A$G$"$k$H2>Dj$7(B, $B%/%i%&%8%&%9(B-- $B%/%i%Z%$%m%s$N<0$r@QJ,$7$F5a$a$?<0(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 \ln{(p_{k})} = A + \frac{B}{T} + C \ln{(T)}. 
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$rMQ$$$F?eMO1U$HJ?9U>uBV$K$"$k5$Aj$NK0OB>x5$05$rI=8=$7$F$$$k(B. $BC"$7(B $A,
B, C$ $B$OG;EY$N4X?t$H$J$k(B. $BH`$i$O$3$N(B $A, B, C$ $B$r<B:]$N%G!<%?$K%U%#%C%H(B
$B$9$k$h$&(B, 3 $B<!$N%9%W%i%$%s4X?t$H$7$FI=8=$7$F$$$k(B. $B7k2L$H$7$FK0OB>x5$05$r(B
$B7W;;$9$k$?$a$K$O(B, $B?eMO1UG;EY$H29EY$rCN$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. $B$"$k9bEY$G$N29EY$OM?(B
$B$($i$l$k$N$G(B, $B<B:]$N7W;;$O0J2<$N<j=g$G9T$&(B. 
%
\begin{description}
 \item[(1)] 
	    $B?eMO1UG;EY$r2>Dj$7(B, $B$=$NG;EY$G$NK0OB>x5$05$r7W;;$9$k(B
 \item[(2)] 
	    (1) $B$G5a$a$?K0OB>x5$05$rMQ$$$F(B, $B?e$H%"%s%b%K%"$,6E=L$9$k$+(B
	    $BH=Dj$9$k(B. $BN><T$,6E=L$7$J$$>l9g$O(B (1) $B$KLa$k(B($B2>Dj$9$k?eMO1U(B
	    $BG;EY$rJQ$($F$d$jD>$9(B). 

 \item[(3)] 
	    (2) $B$G?e$H%"%s%b%K%"$NN>J}$,6E7k$9$k$J$i$P(B, $B$=$N;~$N?eMO1UG;EY(B
	    $B$r7W;;$9$k(B. $BF@$i$l$??eMO1UG;EY$,(B (1) $B$G2>Dj$7$??eMO1UG;EY$K(B
	    $BEy$7$$$+H]$+$rH=CG$9$k(B. $BEy$7$/$J$$>l9g$O(B (1) $B$KLa$k(B.

\end{description}
%
\bigskip

Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$G$O(B, $B%"%s%b%K%"?eMO1U$KBP$9$kN22=?eAG$NMO2r$b(B
$B9MN8$7$F$$$k(B. $BH`$i$O(B Leyko (1964)$B$K$h$C$F3+H/$5$l$?7P83<0$rMQ$$$F$$$k(B. 
$B$3$N7P83<0$ON22=?eAG$NJ,05$r29EY(B, $BMO1UCf$N%"%s%b%K%"G;EY$HN22=?eAGG;EY$K(B
$B$h$C$FI=8=$7$?$b$N$G$"$k(B. 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 p_{\rm H_2S}^{*} 
  = \exp{\left(22.221 - \frac{5388}{T}\right)} 
    C_{\rm H_2S}^{1.130} 
    \left(\frac{C_{\rm H_{2}S}}{C_{\rm NH_3}}\right)^{1.8953}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$3$3$G(B $p^{*}$ $B$OK0OB>x5$05(B, $C$ $B$OG;EY$G$"$k(B. $B$9$G$K29EY$H%"%s%b%K%"?e(B
$BMO1U$G$N%"%s%b%K%"G;EY$OJ,$+$C$F$$$k$N$G(B, $BN22=?eAG$NG;EY$r%Q%i%a%?$H$7$F(B
$BN22=?eAG$NK0OB>x5$05$r7W;;$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B2>Dj$7$?N22=?eAGG;EY$H(B, $BN22=(B
$B?eAG$NK0OB>x5$05$HJ,05$+$i5a$^$kN22=?eAGG;EY$,Ey$7$/$J$k$^$G7W;;$rH?I|E*(B
$B$K7+$jJV$9(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B%"%s%b%K%"?eMO1U$N@xG.$OJ?6QCM(B $L_s$ $B$rMQ$$$F(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 L_{s} \frac{dX_{\rm H_2O}}{1 - C_{\rm NH_3}}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$HI=8=$9$k(B. Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$G$O(B, $B?eMO1U$KH<$&@xG.2rJ|$O$@$$$?(B
$B$$0lDj$KJ]$?$l$k$H=R$Y$F$$$k(B. $B$^$?N22=?eAG$N%"%s%b%K%"?eMO1U$X$NMO2r$KH<(B
$B$&@xG.$K4X$7$F$O(B, Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$G$O?($l$i$l$F$$$J$$(B. $B9MN8$7(B
$B$F$$$J$$$N$+$b$7$l$J$$(B.
%
\bigskip


Weidenschilling and Lewis (1973) $B$O(B Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$KHf$Y$F(B, 
$B?eMO1U$N1@$N07$$$,(B 2 $B$D$NE@$G0[$J$k(B. 
%
\begin{description}
 \item[(1)$BK0OB>x5$05$NI=8=(B]~\\
	    Weidenschilling and Lewis (1973) $B$G$O?eMO1U$HJ?9U$K$"$k5$Aj(B
	    $B$NK0OB>x5$05$r(B, $BF1$829EY$K$*$1$k=c?h$JF@5$Aj$N>x5$05$H?eMO1U(B
	    $BG;EY$K4X$9$k(B 5 $B<!$NJ}Dx<0$H$7$F%U%#%C%F%#%s%0$7$?(B. 
	    Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$O$3$NJ}K!$G$O5a$^$kDc29$G$N>x5$05(B
	    $B$NCM$O8=<BE*$G$O$J$$$HHcH=$7$F$$$k(B. 
%	    
%
 \item[(2)$B?eMO1UG;EY$N7W;;(B]~\\ 	    
	    Weidenschilling and Lewis (1973) $B$H(B Atreya and Romani (1985) 
	    $B$O(B, $B?eMO1U1@$N1@Dl$G$N?eMO1UG;EY$r7h$a$kJ}K!$OF1$8$G$"$k(B.
	    Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$O1@Dl0J30$N?eMO1UG;EY$N7h$aJ}$b1@(B
	    $BDl$G$NJ}K!$KF1$8$G$"$k$,(B, Weidenschilling and Lewis (1973) 
	    $B$O1@Dl0J30$N?eMO1UG;EY$rJL$N$d$jJ}$G5a$a$F$$$k(B. $BH`$i$O$"$kG;(B
	    $BEY(B $C$ $B$NMO1U$,B8:_$9$kJ?9U$J7O$,Hy>.NL$@$1CGG.KDD%$9$k$H$-(B
	    $B$NG;EYJQ2=$N<0$rMQ$$$F?eMO1UG;EY$NJQ2=$r7W;;$7$F$$$k(B. 
\end{description}



\subsection{$B?tCME*2rK!(B}

ECCM $B$N7W;;$G$O(B, $B6E7k$9$k$+$I$&$+$NH=Dj<0$rJLES;}$DI,MW$,$"$k(B. $B6E7k$HN2(B
$B2=%"%s%b%K%&%`$N@8@.H?1~$r9MN8$7$?>l9g(B($BMO1U$N6E7k$OE:;z(B $k$ $B$K4^$^$l$k(B), 
$B29EYJQ2=$N<0$O0J2<$NMM$K=q$1$k(B.
%
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{dT}{dz} = - \frac{\bar{m}g}{\bar{c}_{\rm p}}
\frac
{\left[
 1 + \Dinv{RT} 
\left\{ 
       \sum_{\rm k} L_{\rm k} X_{\rm k} + 
       \frac{2 (X_{\rm H_{2}S} \cdot X_{\rm NH_{3}}) L_{\rm r}}
       {(X_{\rm H_{2}S} + X_{\rm NH_{3}})}
\right\}
\right]}
{\left[ 
1 + \Dinv{\bar{c}_{\rm p}T^{2}}
\left\{ 
       \sum_{\rm k} \frac{L_{\rm k}^{2} X_{\rm k}}{R} + 
       \frac{ (X_{\rm H_{2}S} \cdot X_{\rm NH_{3}}) }
       {(X_{\rm H_{2}S} + X_{\rm NH_{3}})} 
       \cdot L_{\rm r} \cdot 10834 
\right\} 
\right] }.
\Deqlab{e12.16}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$3$N<0$G4{CN$NNL$O(B, $B9bEYJQ2=(B $dz$ (Weidenschilling and Lewis, 1973 $B$G$O(B 
1 km), $BJ?6QJ,;RNL(B $\bar{m}$, $B=ENO2CB.EY(B $g$, $BJ?6QHfG.(B $\bar{c}_{p}$, $B5$(B
$BBNDj?t(B $R$, $B@xG.(B $L_{k}$, $BH?1~G.(B $L_{r}$ $B$G$"$k(B. $B@xG.$HH?1~G.$ODj?t$H$_(B
$B$J$7$F$$$k$h$&$@(B. $BJQ?t$O(B, $B29EYJQ2=(B $dT$, $B29EY(B $T$, $B%b%kJ,N((B $X_{k},
X_{\rm H_2O}, X_{\rm NH_3}$ $B$G$"$k(B. $B29EY$H%b%kJ,N($r2?$i$+$NJ}K!$G7h$a$k(B
$B$3$H$G(B, $B9bEYJQ2=$7$?$H$-$N29EYJQ2=$r5a$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
%
\bigskip

$B$"$k9bEY$G$N29EY$H%b%kJ,N($rM?$($l$P(B, $B$=$3$G$N29EY8:N($,7W;;$G$-$k(B. $B$=$N(B
$B29EY8:N($,(B $dz$ $B$N6h4V$G0];}$5$l$k$H$_$J$;$P(B, $B9bEY$,(B $dz$ $B$@$1N%$l$?E@$G(B
$B$N29EY$r5a$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B$=$N0UL#$G29EY$H%b%kJ,N($O(B 1 $B$DA0$N%9%F%C%W(B
$B$G$NCM$rMQ$$$k(B. Atreya and Romani (1985) $B$G$O%/%C%?(B-$B%7%s%W%=%s$N(B 4 $B<!<0(B
$B$rMQ$$$k$H=R$Y$F$$$k$N$G(B, $B<B:]$N7W;;$G$OA0$N%9%F%C%W?tE@$NCM$rMQ$$$F$$$k(B
$B$h$&$@(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B%b%kJ,N($O(B, $B=cJ*<A$NK0OB>x5$05$N7P83<0(B, $B2=3XH?1~$NJ?9UDj?t$K4X$9$k7P83<0(B, 
$B?eMO1U>e$NK0OB>x5$05$N?tCME*$J7P83<0(B, $B$H$$$C$?H=Dj<0$+$iH=CG$9$k(B. $B$3$l$i(B
$B$N7P83<0$O>x5$05$N:GBgCM$rI=$9$b$N$G$"$k(B. $BA405$H%b%kJ,N($N@Q$+$i>x5$05$r(B
$B7W;;$7(B, $B$=$l$,7P83<0$+$i5a$^$kK0OB>x5$05$r1[$($J$$$+H]$+$rH=Dj$9$k(B. $B>x5$(B
$B05$,$=$N:GBgCM$r1[$($J$1$l$P%b%kJ,N($NCM$O$=$N$^$^J]4I$5$l(B, $B>x5$05$,$=$N(B
$B:GBgCM$r1[$($?>l9g$K$O:GBgCM$K8GDj$9$k$H$$$&A`:n$r9T$&(B. $B$3$NJ}K!$G$O(B, $B6E(B
$B7kNL$,H=Dj<0$rE,MQ$9$k=gHV$K0MB8$9$k2DG=@-$,$"$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B6E7kJ*<A$O!VMn2<!W$9$k$+$I$&$+$O$-$A$s$HL@5-$5$l$F$$$J$$(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B7k2L$N(B
$B3($+$iH=CG$9$k$K(B, $B5$2t$N$_$,>e>:$9$k2aDx$r9M$($F$$$k$b$N$HA[A|$5$l$k(B. 
%


\section{$B%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=K!(B}

$B%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=K!$O(B, $BJ?9U>uBV$OG.NO3X4X?t$,:G>.2=$5$l$?>uBV$H(B
$B$7$FI=8=$G$-$k$H$$$&2=3XG.NO3X$NDj5A$rMQ$$$?J}K!$G$"$k(B. $BG.NO3X4X?t$NCf$+(B
$B$i%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$rA*Br$7$?$N$O(B, $BBg5$$N>uBV$r29EY(B, $B05NO(B, $BBg5$AH@.$H(B
$B$7$FFCD'$E$1$?$$$+$i$G$"$k(B.
%
\bigskip

$B%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=K!$rMQ$$$k$H(B, $B$"$k29EY(B, $B05NO$K$*$1$kJ?9UAH@.$r(B
$B7W;;$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B29EY$H05NO$r%Q%i%a%?$H$7$FJQ2=$5$;$k$3$H$G(B, $B29EY05(B
$BNO6u4V$K$*$1$kJ?9UAH@.$N%3%s%?!<?^$r=q$/;v$,$G$-$k(B. $BJ?9UAH@.$+$i2r@OE*$K(B
$B%(%s%H%m%T!<$r7W;;$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$N$G(B, $B29EY05NO6u4V$K$*$$$F%(%s%H%m%T!<(B
$B$NEyCM@~$r%W%m%C%H$7(B, $B%(%s%H%m%T!<$NEyCM@~$r7k$s$@$b$N$,5a$a$k$Y$-Bg5$$N(B
$BCGG.>uBV$H$J$k(B.
% 
\bigskip

$B5<CGG.2aDx$r9M$($k>l9g$K$O(B, $BB?>/$d$C$+$$$K$J$k(B. $B5<CGG.2aDx$H$O(B, $B5$BN$,6E(B
$B=L$7$?:]$K6E=LJ*$,7O$+$iN%C&$9$k$H9M$($?>l9g$K<B8=$9$kCGG.8:N($G(B, $BN%C&$7(B
$B$?6E=LJ*<A$b4^$a$?A4%(%s%H%m%T!<$,J]B8$9$k$H9M$($k(B. $B$3$N>l9g$K$O7O$K4^$^(B
$B$l$k85AGNL$,JQ2=$9$k$N$G29EY05NO6u4V$K$*$1$k%(%s%H%m%T!<$N%3%s%?!<%^%C%W(B
$B$r0z$/$N$O:$Fq$G$"$k(B. $B$"$k29EY(B, $B05NO(B, $B85AGB8:_EY$K$"$C$?6u5$2t$rDI$$$+$1(B
$B$F$$$/I,MW$,$"$k(B. $B05NO$r(B $dp$ $B$@$1JQ2=$5$;$?:]$K6u5$2t$G6E=L$,@8$8$?$J$i(B
$B$P(B, $B<!$K05NO$rJQ2=$5$;$k$H$-$KJ]B8$5$l$k85AGNL$O(B, $B5$Aj$N$=$l$G$"$k(B.
%
%\bigskip


\subsection{$BJ?9U>uBV$N7W;;(B($B?tM}%b%G%k(B)}

$BG.NO3XJQ?t$H$7$F(B, $B29EY(B, $B05NO(B, $BAH@.$rA*Br$9$k(B. $B$3$N$H$-Bg5$$NG.NO3X>uBV$r(B
$BM?$($kE,@Z$JG.NO3X4X?t$O%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$H$J$k(B. $BBg5$$NJ?9U>uBV$O(B, $B85(B
$BAG?tJ]B8$N>r7o$N2<$G%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$,:G>.2=$7$?>uBV$G$"$k$H$9$k(B. 
$B29EY$H05NO$rM?$($?;~(B, $B%.%V%9$N<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$H85AG?tJ]B8<0$O0J2<$N$h$&$K(B
$B=q$1$k(B. 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 G(T,p,n_{i}^{\phi}) 
  &=& \sum_{\phi} \sum_{i} \mu_{i}^{\phi} (T,p,n_{i}^{\phi}) n_{i}^{\phi} 
  \nonumber \\
  &=& \sum_{\phi} \sum_{i} 
   \left\{
    {\mu_{i}^{\circ}}^{\phi} (T) 
    + RT \ln{\frac{n_{i}^{\phi}}{\sum n_{i}^{\phi}}}
    + \alpha^{\phi} RT \ln{\frac{p}{p_{0}}}
   \right\}  n_{i}^{\phi} 
   \\
 \sum_{\phi} \sum_{i} a_{ie}^{\phi} n_{i}^{\phi} &=& B_{e} 
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B85AG?tJ]B8$N>r7o2<$G%.%V%9$N<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$r5a$a$k$H$$$&(B, $B>r7oIU$-6KCMLd(B
$BBj$K5"7k$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $BMW$O%i%0%i%s%8%e$NL$Dj>h?tK!$rMQ$$$F2r$1$PNI$$(B. 


\subsection{$BJ?9U>uBV$N7W;;(B($B?tCM%b%G%k(B; RAND $BK!(B)}

$B?tCME*$K%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$r:G>.2=$9$kJ}K!$H$7$F(B, White {\it et al}
(1958) $B$K$h$C$F3+H/$5$l$?(B RAND $BK!$rMQ$$$k(B. RAND $BK!$N9|;R$O(B, $BC`<!6a;wK!$K(B
$B$h$C$F%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$,:G>.$H$J$kJ*<AB8:_NL$r5a$a$k$3$H$K$"$k(B. $B%.%V(B
$B%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<$rE,Ev$JJ*<AB8:_NL$N$^$o$j$GJ*<ANL$K4X$9$k(B 2 $B<!$N4X?t$K(B
$B6a;w$7(B, $B%i%0%i%s%8%e$NL$Dj>h?tK!$rMQ$$$F85AG?tJ]B8>r7o$N2<$GJ*<AB8:_NL$N(B
$B6KCM$r7W;;$9$k(B. $BF@$i$l$?J*<AB8:_NL$,<}B+$9$k$^$GF1MM$NA`:n$r7+$jJV$9(B. 

$B$3$N(B RAND $BK!$,E,MQ$G$-$J$$>r7o$,$$$/$D$+$"$k(B. 
\begin{itemize}
 \item 2 $B<!$N4X?t$K6a;w$G$-$J$$>l9g(B
 \item $BJ*<ANL$,(B 0 $B$K6aIU$/>l9g(B
 \item .... ($B<:GTNc%.%c%i%j!<$r@0M}(B)
\end{itemize}

Wood and Hashimoto $B$O$J$s$G$b:.$6$k6a;w$r$7$F$$$k$N$G(B, RAND $BK!$NE,MQ8B3&(B
$B$r1[$($k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 

\subsection{$B%(%s%H%m%T!<$N7W;;(B}

$B%(%s%H%m%T!<$O(B Maxwell $B$N4X78<0$+$i5a$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k(B
$B%.!<$H%(%s%H%m%T!<$N4X78$O(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 S = - \left( \DP{G}{T} \right)
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$J$N$G(B, $G$ $B$,29EY(B, $B05NO(B, $BAH@.$N4X?t$H$7$F=q$1$F$$$k$N$G$"$l$P(B, $B2r@OE*$K(B
$B2r$/$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B<B:](B, $B07$C$?A4$F$NJ*<A$K4X$7$F2r@OE*$K7W;;$7$F$$$k(B. 


\subsection{$BJ*@-CM$N07$$(B}

$BI,MW$H$J$kJ*@-CM$O(B, $B7O$K4^$^$l$k2=3X<o$NI8=`2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$G$"$k(B. $BI8=`(B
$B%]%F%s%7%c%k$r5a$a$kJ}K!$H$7$F$O(B, (1)$BHfG.$*$h$S4p=`>uBV$G$N29EY!&05NO$r(B
$BMQ$$$F2r@OE*$K7W;;(B, (2)$B5$1UJ?9U;~$K5$Aj$H1UAj$N2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$,Ey$7$$(B
$B$3$H$rMxMQ$7$FK0OB>x5$05$N<0$+$i7W;;(B, (3)$B2=3XH?1~<0$N05J?9UDj?t$HH?1~;~(B
$B$N2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$,Ey$7$$(B, $B$3$H$+$i5a$^$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$BHfG.$O(B NIST JANAF $B$NG.NO3X%F!<%V%k$+$i>pJs$rF@$?(B. $BN%;6E*$J%G!<%?$H$7$FM?(B
$B$($i$l$F$$$k$N$G(B, $B%9%W%i%$%s4X?t$GO"B3E*$KI=8=$7$F$$$k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$BK0OB>x5$05$N<0$O(B, $B2=3XJXMw(B, $B2=3X9)3XJXMw$+$iF@$?(B. $BE,MQHO0O30$K30A^$9$k:](B
$B$O(B, $B29EY(B 0 K $B$G%(%s%H%m%T!<$,(B 0 $B$K$J$k$h$&$KJd4V$7$F$$$k(B. 
%


\subsection{$BMO1U$N07$$(B}

$BM}A[MO1U$r2>Dj$9$k$J$i(B, $B$=$N2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$O(B, 
%
\begin{eqnarray}
 \mu = \mu^{\circ} + RT \ln{\frac{n_{i}^{\phi}}{\sum n_{i}^{\phi}}}
\end{eqnarray}
%
$B$H=q$1$k$N$G(B, $B2?$i$+$NJ}K!$GI8=`>uBV$N2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$5$(J,$+$l$P(B, 
$B$"$H$O5!3#E*$K07$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 


\subsection{$B1@AX$N7W;;(B}

$B1@?eNL$N7W;;J}K!$O(B, Atreya and Romani (1985), Weidenschilling and Lewis
(1973) $B$KF1$8(B. 

\subsection{$BBg5$$N@EE*0BDjEY(B}

$B$3$l$O:#2s$NO@J8$K5-:\$7$J$$M=Dj$J$N$G3d0&(B. 


\section{$B%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=K!$HHf3S$7$F(B}

ECCM $B$NJ}K!$H%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=K!$O(B, $B2=3XJ?9U>uBV$r7W;;$7$F$$$k(B
$B$H$$$&E@$GA4$/Ey2A$G$"$k(B. $B$=$l$>$l$N2=3X<o$NJ*@-$dH?1~$N>pJs$rG.$N7A(B($B29(B
$BEYJQ2=(B $dT$)$B$GF3F~$9$k$+(B, $B2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$N7A$GF3F~$9$k$+$,0[$J$k$K2a$.(B
$B$J$$(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B2=3XH?1~$dMO1U$r07$&$K$O(B, $B2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$N7A$GJ*@-$r<h$j(B
$B07$&J}$,05E]E*$K4JC1$G$"$k(B. $B2=3X%]%F%s%7%c%k$r7W;;$9$k$^$G$OLLE]$+$b$7$l(B
$B$J$$$,(B, $B$=$N8e$NA`:n$r0l85E*$K07$($k$3$H$OBg$-$J%a%j%C%H$G$"$k$H9M$($k(B. 
%
\bigskip

$B7P83<0$rMQ$$$k$H$$$&E@$G$O(B, ECCM $B$b(B RAND $BK!$bF1$8$G$"$k(B. RAND $BK!$G$O2=3X(B
$B%]%F%s%7%c%k$r7W;;$9$k$?$a$K(B, ECCM $B$G$OK0OB>x5$05$r7W;;$9$k$?$a$K(B, $B7P83(B
$B<0$rMQ$$$F$$$k(B. 
%
\bigskip


ECCM $B$KHf$Y$F%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=$K$O0J2<$N$h$&$JMxE@$,$"$k(B. 
%
\begin{itemize}
 \item $BBg5$Cf$G$I$N$h$&$J2=3XH?1~(B, $B?eMO1U$N1@$,@8$8$F$$$k$+9M$($kI,MW$,(B
       $B$J$$(B. ECCM $B$G$OBg5$Cf$G@8$8$k6E7k!&2=3XH?1~$rM=$aGD0.$7$F$*$+$J$$(B
       $B$H4pACJ}Dx<0<+BN$,N)$F$i$l$J$$(B. 

 \item $B?eMO1U$N1@$N07$$$,4J7i$G$"$k(B. RAND $BK!$G$O?eMO1U$N1@$b=c?h$J6E=LAj(B
       $B$HF1MM$K07$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. ECCM $B$G$O(B, $BJQ?t$,G;EY(B, $B29EY(B, $B05NO$K$b4X(B
       $B$o$i$:05NO$7$+M?$($k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$N$G(B, $BG;EY$r2>Dj$7$F%7%e!<%F%#(B
       $B%s%0$9$kI,MW$,$"$C$?(B.
\end{itemize}
%
\bigskip



%ECCM $B$KHf$Y$F%.%V%9<+M3%(%M%k%.!<:G>.2=$K$O0J2<$N$h$&$J7gE@$,$"$k(B. 
%
%\begin{itemize}
% \item $BMO1U$d2=3XH?1~$,B8:_$7$J$$$h$&$J7O$G$O(B, ECCM $B$NJ}$,07$$$,Hs>o$K4J(B
%       $BC1(B. 
%\end{itemize}


%$BMxE@$N(B 1 $B$D$O(B, $B$"$l(B, $B$J$s$@$C$1(B
%
%\bigskip

%$B2?$rF@$7$?;v$K$J$C$F$$$k$+(B? $BHFMQ@-$dBPN.%b%G%k$X$NAH$_9~$_$N4QE@$+$i$b9M(B
%$B$($F$_$h$&(B. $B$I$N$h$&$J4QE@$+$iM-Mx$+ITMx$+(B? 

%\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline
%               & ECCM            & OBORO     \\ \hline
%$B7W;;;~4V(B       &                 &           \\ \hline
%$BBg5$AH@.$NJQ99(B &                 &           \\ \hline
%
%\end{tabular}




\end{document}

